Keywords
lipid peroxidation
8-OHdG
disease severity
prognosis
How to Cite
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Clinical evidence suggests higher oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients, and this worsening redox status which may contribute to disease progression. The present study aimed to investigate the oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid damage in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 infection and to evaluate its relationship to the disease progression and severity. A case-control study was conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. 180 individuals have participated. Among 88 COVID-19 cases, 92 healthy volunteers as the control group, with ages ranging (18-45) years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of infection (mild cases, severe cases). Serum level of 8-OHdG and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed as oxidative stress biomarkers. Serum levels of 8-OHdG were considerably higher in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison to the control group, (p<0.01). The further statistical analysis has revealed a significantly higher 8-OHdG in blood in female cases with severe COVID-19 infection compared cases with a mild infection, (p<0.01). Serum MDA levels in severe cases were higher, statistically significant when compared with the control group (p=0.007). Severe cases had higher level of MDA than in mild case, in male cases (p<0.05) in female cases (p<0.0001). The current data suggest that patients who were infected severely with COVID-19 are under huge oxidative stress attack. Analysis of data shows that severe cases of COVID-19 infection had significantly greater level of serum 8-OHdG than in healthy control subjects.
References
Agrupis, K.A., Smith, C., Suzuki, S., Villanueva, A.M., Ariyoshi, K., Solante, R., Sayo, A.R. (2021). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 500 confirmed COVID-19 inpatients in a tertiary infectious disease referral hospital in Manila, Philippines. Tropical Medicine and Health, 49(1), 1-8.
Ali, A.M., Rostam, H.M., Fatah, M.H., Noori, C.M., Ali, K.M., Tawfeeq, H.M. (2022). Serum troponin, D-dimer, and CRP level in severe coronavirus (COVID-19) patients. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 10(3), e582.
Cao, L.F., Cheng, J.Y., Xu, Z., Feng, C.M., Zhao, H., Wang, X.M., Fu, L. (2022). Serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is a potential indicator for the severity and prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. The Journal of Immunology, 208(2), 321-327.
Delgado-Roche, L., Mesta, F. (2020). Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Archives of Medical Research, 51(5), 384-387.
Gunson, R.N., Shouval, D., Roggendorf, M., Zaaijer, H., Nicholas, H., Holzmann, H., Group, E.C. (2003). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers (HCWs): guidelines for prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients. Journal of Clinical Virology, 27(3), 213-230.
Khomich, O.A., Kochetkov, S.N., Bartosch, B., Ivanov, A.V. (2018). Redox biology of respiratory viral infections. Viruses, 10(8), 392.
Kolgiri, V., Nagar, V., Patil, V. (2018). Association of metabolic syndrome and oxidative DNA damage in HIV/AIDS patients. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 33(3), 273-281.
Lovren, F., Pan, Y., Quan, A., Teoh, H., Wang, G., Shukla, P.C., Verma, S. (2008). Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 confers endothelial protection and attenuates atherosclerosis. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 295(4), H1377-H1384.
Markkanen, E. (2017). Not breathing is not an option: How to deal with oxidative DNA damage. DNA Repair, 59, 82-105.
Martin-Fernandez, M., Aller, R., Heredia-Rodriguez, M., Gomez-Sanchez, E., Martinez-Paz, P., Gonzalo-Benito, H., Tamayo-Velasco, A. (2021). Lipid peroxidation as a hallmark of severity in COVID-19 patients. Redox Biology, 48, 102181.
Mihaljevic, O., Zivancevic-Simonovic, S., Cupurdija, V., Marinkovic, M., Vukajlovic, J.T., Markovic, A., Milosevic-Djordjevic, O. (2022). DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of severely ill COVID-19 patients in relation to inflammatory markers and parameters of hemostasis. Mutagenesis. 26, 37(3-4), 203-212
Nasi, A., McArdle, S., Gaudernack, G., Westman, G., Melief, C., Rockberg, J., ... and Mangsbo, S. (2020). Reactive oxygen species as an initiator of toxic innate immune responses in retort to SARS-CoV-2 in an ageing population, consider N-acetylcysteine as early therapeutic intervention. Toxicology Reports, 7, 768-771.
Sena, C. M., Leandro, A., Azul, L., Seiça, R., Perry, G. (2018). Vascular oxidative stress: impact and therapeutic approaches. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1668.
Shang, W., Dong, J., Ren, Y., Tian, M., Li, W., Hu, J., Li, Y. (2020). The value of clinical parameters in predicting the severity of COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(10), 2188-2192.
Suhail, S., Zajac, J., Fossum, C., Lowater, H., McCracken, C., Severson, N., Hati, S. (2020). Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: a review. The Protein Journal, 39(6), 644-656.
Tai, W., He, L., Zhang, X., Pu, J., Voronin, D., Jiang, S., Du, L. (2020). Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine. Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 17(6), 613-620.
Tantry, U.S., Bliden, K.P., Cho, A., Walia, N., Dahlen, J.R., Ens, G., Gurbel, P. A. (2021). First experience addressing the prognostic utility of novel urinary biomarkers in patients with COVID-19. In Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 8, 7, 274. US: Oxford University Press.
Wax, R.S., and Christian, M.D. (2020). Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 67(5), 568-576.
Wlodarczyk, M., Nowicka, G. (2019). Obesity, DNA damage, and development of obesity-related diseases. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 20(5), 1146.
World Health Organization. (WHO). (2020). Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance, 2 March 2020 (No. WHO/COVID-19/laboratory/2020.4). World Health Organization.
Wu, L.L., Chiou, C.C., Chang, P.Y., Wu, J.T. (2004). Urinary 8-OHdG: a marker of oxidative stress to DNA and a risk factor for cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetics. Clinica Chimica Acta, 339(1-2), 1-9.
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 382, 727-733.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Array