Keywords
Acetyl cholinesterase
Morphological
chick embryo Ross308
How to Cite
Abstract
Abamectin is a bio-insecticide, derived from the soil bacteria Streptomyces avermitilis. This insecticide is used in public health and agriculture to protect crops. Major adverse impacts of Abamectin are neurological symptoms acting on the peripheral nervous system. The aim of the current study is to reveal the toxic effects of Abamectin on chick embryo Ross 308 including morphological and histological changes and acetyl cholinesterase activity. 120 fresh fertilized eggs were divided into 6 groups; two of them were used as control. After 2 days of incubation, the eggs were injected with 100 µL of Abamectin solution (diluted at concentrations 360, 540, 900 and 1800 ppm) into the yolk sac. The Results showed that the mortality increased significantly in chicks treated with Abamectin, but had a lower weight in comparison to the control groups. Treated chicks started hatching at day 22 but were physically weak with drooping limbs, paralysis and then died after 24 hours of hatching. Some chicks did not normally hatch and needed assistance. They characterized by limb defects, failure retraction of yolk sac with bleeding. Histological examination of the liver showed hepatic cell degeneration, congestion in the central vein, infiltration of inflammatory cells and hepatocytes necrosis. Furthermore, the Acetyl cholinesterase enzyme analysis showed a significant decrease in the enzyme activity which leads to inhibition the activity of the body systems. It is concluded that low and high concentration of Abamectin has adverse impacts on chick embryo by changing some of morphological, histological characteristics and acetyl cholinesterase activity.
References
Abass, K.S., Salih, K.A. (2016). Cholinesterase effect of pesticides in rabbit embryos and their potential for use in hazard assessment. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 7:6.
Abass, K.S. (2014). Experimental measurement for the effect of dilution procedure in blood esterase as animals biomarker for exposure to OP Compounds. BioMed Research International, 451982.
Abdul-Gani, S., Yanai, J., Abdul-Ghani, R., Pinkas, A., Abdeen, Z. (2012). The teratogenicity and behavioral teratogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP) in a chick model. Journal of Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 34(1), 56-62.
Agrawal, A., Sharma, B. (2010). Pesticides induced oxidative stress in mammalian systems. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 1(3), 90–104.
Ahmed, A.E., Al-Kahtani, M.A., Khalil, A.M., Alshehri, A.S., Elghoneimy, A.A., Elbehairi, S.E.I., Alfaifi, M.Y., Shati, A.A., Morsy, K.S., Alshehri, M.A. (2020). Co-administration of vitamin E and selenium in vivo and in vitro ameliorates the toxic effects caused by ivermectin and doramectin. Veterinarni Medicina, 65(2), 71–83.
Akashe, M.M., Pawade, U.U., Nikam, A.V. (2018). Classification of pesticides, A review. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 9(4), 144-150.
Alhifi, M.A. (2018). Effect of pesticides mixture of dimethoate and methidathion on acetyl cholinesterase during embryo development using chick embryo model. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology and Pest Control, 3(1), 19–26.
Alias, A.S., Mohammad, F.K. (2005). Electrometric measurement of plasma and tissue cholinesterase activities of four wild bird in Iraq. J Boil Res, 4, 197-202.
Bang, J.H., Ku, H.O., Kang, H.G., Kim, H., Kim, S., Pargk, S.W., Kim, Y.S., Jang, I.L., Bae, Y.C., Woo, G.H., Yi, H. (2019). Acetyl cholinesterase activity in the brain of wild birds in Korea-2014 to 2016. Journal of Veterinary Science, 20(2), e9.
Basal, W.T., Ahmed, A.R.T., Mahmoud, A.A., Omar, A.R. (2020). Lufenuron induces reproductive toxicity and genotoxic effects in pregnant albino rats and their fetuses. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–24.
Bhaskar, N., Shahani, L., Taparia, N., Bhatnagar, P. (2012). Effect of deltamethrin containing formulation on developing chick embryo: morphological and skeletal changes. International Journal Of Toxicological And Pharmacological Research,13, 4(4), 81-87.
Bjorling-Puolsen, M., Anderson, H.R., Grandjean, P. (2008). Potential developmental neurotoxicity of pesticides used ii Europe. Environmental Health 2008, 7, 50.
Bradberry, S.M., Cage, S.A., Proudfoot, A.T., Vale, J.A. (2005). Poisoning due to pyrethroids. Toxicological Reviews, 24(2).
Campbell, W.C. (2012). Ivermectin and Abamectin, Springer Sciences and Business Media: Berlin/ Heidelberg, Germany.
Chaudhary, S., Ansari, M. S., Abbas, M. N., Kausar, S., Iqbal, R., Saleem, R., and Sabir, J. I. S. (2017). Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on 12th day desi chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus). Nucleus, 54(2), 136–140.
Chaudhary N., Sharma, M., Verma, P., Joshi, S.C. (2003) Hepato and nephrotoxicity in rat exposed to endosulfan. Journal of Environmental Biology. 24(3), 305-308.
Farag, A.A., Kotb, G.A., Hamza, A.H., Mohmoud, R.H., Elhalwagy, M.A. (2016). Sub chronic impact of organophosphorus insecticide triazophos on liver, kidneys and thyroid in albino rats. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 3(1), 199-208.
Fossati, S.M., Candiani, S., Maragliano, L., Pennuto, M. (2015) Identification and expression of acetyl cholinesterase in Octopus vylgaris arm development and regeneration: a Conserved Role for ACHE? Molecular Neurobiology 52: 45-56.
Gul, S.T., Khan, A., Farooq, M., Niaz, S., Ahmad, M., Khatoon, A., Hassan, M.F. (2017). Effect of sub lethal doses of thiamethoxam (a pesticide) on hemato-biochemical values in cockerels. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 37(2),135-138.
Hamburger, V., Hamilton, H.L. (1951). A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. Journal of Morphology.88,49-92.
Hernandez, A.F., Bennekou, S.H., Hart, A., Mohimont, L., Wolterink, G. (2020). Mechanisms underlying disruptive effects of pesticides on the thyroid function. Current Opinion in Toxicology,19, 34-41.
Hernandez, A.F., Gil, F., Lacasaña, M., Rodríguez-Barranco, M., Tsatsakis, A.M., Requena, M., Parrón, T., Alarcón, R. (2013). Pesticide exposure and genetic variation in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes interact to induce biochemical liver damage. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 61, 144–151.
Hussein, M., Singh, V. (2016). Effect on chick embryos development after exposure to neionicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid. Jourrnal of the Anatomical Society of India, 65(2016), 83-89.
Jayakumar, J. (2009). Bio-efficacy of Streptomyces avermitilis culture filtrates against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and reniform nematodes, Rotylenchulus reniformis. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 22, 567-571.
Kennedy, C.J., Tierney, K.B., Mittelstadt, M. (2014). Inhibition of P-glycoprotein in the blood- brain barrier alters avermectin neurotoxicity and swimming performance in rainbow trout. Aquatic Toxicology, 146 ,176-185.
Khanna, R.N., Gupta, G.S., Anannd, M. (2002). Kinetics of distribution of cypermethrin in blood, brain, and spinal cord after a single administration to rabbits. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 69, 749-755.
Koc, F., Karakus, E. (2011). Determination of organochlorinated pesticide residues by gas chromatograph- mass spectrometry after elution in a florisil column. Kafka's Universitesi Veteriner FakultesiDergisi, 17(1), 65-70.
Kotwani, A. (1998). Use of chick embryo in screening for teratogenicity. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 42(2), 189-204.
Ksheerasagar, R.L., Hiremath, M.B., Kaliwal, B.B. (2011). Impairment of hepatic biochemical contents and enzymes activities during carbosulfan intoxication in albino mice. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(3).
Kushwaha, S., Anerao, I., Rajput, S., Bhagriya, P., Roy, H. (2020). Evaluation of abamectin induced hepatotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Cogent Biology, 6, 1761277.
Legradi, J.B., Paolo, C., Kraak, M.H.S., Van der Geest, H.G., Schymanski, E.L., Williams, A.J., Dingemans, M.M., Massei, R., Brack, W., Cousin, X., Begout, M.L. (2018). An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment. Enviromental Sciences Europe, 30(1), 46.
Lotti, M. (2010). Clinical toxicology of anticholinesterase agents in humans. In Hayes' handbook of pesticide toxicology (pp. 1543-1589). Academic Press.
McGill, M.R. (2016). The past and present of serum aminotransferases and the future of liver injury biomarkers. Excli Journal, 15, 817.
Mohammad, F.K. (2007). Review of a particle electrometric method for determination of blood and tissue cholinesterase activities in animals. Vet Scan, 2, 1-12
Novelli, A., Vieira, B.H., Braun, A.S., Mendes, L.B., Daam, M.A., Espindola, E.L.G. (2016). Impact of runoof water from an expermintal agricultural field applied with VertimesR 18EC (Abamectin) on the survival, growth and gill morphology of zebrafish juveniles. Chemosphere,144, 1408-1414.
Novelli, A., Vieira, B.H., Cordeiro, D., Cappelini, L.T.D., Vieira, E.M., Espindola, E.L.G. (2012). Lethal effects of Abamectin on the aquatic organisms Daphnia similis, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio. Chemosphere, 86(1), 36-40.
Raftery, T.D., Volz, D.C. (2015). Abamectin induces rapid and reversible hypoactivity within early zebra fish embryos. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 49,10-18.
Salar-Almoli, J., Ali- Esfahani, T. (2015). Determination of hazardous substances in food basket eggs in Tahran, Iran: A preliminary study. Veterinary Research Forum, 6(2), 9-155.
Sardar, K., Zafer, K., Khalid, U., Sattar, N., Mustabshira, Z., Perveen, Sh. (2020). Effect of abamectin on development of chick embryo. Pure and Applied Biology, 9(2), 1266-1278.
Sharma, D., Sangha, G. K. (2014). Triazophos induced oxidative stress and histomorphological changes in liver and kidney of female albino rats. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 110, 71–80.
Singh, S.K., Tripathi, P.K., Yadav, R.P. (2004). Toxicity of malathion and carbaryl pesticides: effect on some biochemical profiles of the freshwater fish Calisa Fasciatus. Bull Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72(3), 592-599.
Srivastava, P.K., Singh, V.P., Singh, A., Singh, S., Prasad, S.M., Tripathi, D.K., Chauhan, D.K. (2020). Pesticides in Crop Production, Wiley Online Library: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2020.
Stern, C.D. (2018). The chick model system: A distinguished past and a great future. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 62, 1-4.
Takahashi, Y., Matsumoto, A., Seino, A., Ueno, J., Iwai, Y., Omura, S. (2002). Streptomyces avermectinius sp. nov., an avermectin- producing strain. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary, 52, 2163-2168.
Terali, K., Dalmizrak, O., Hoti, Q., Ozer, N. (2018). Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of abamectin on mammalian butyrylcholinesterase: Enzyme kinetic and molecular docking studies. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 53(11), 713-718.
Thiripurasundari, M., Sathya, K., Uma, A., Srinivasan, M.R., Rajasekar, P. (2014). A comparative study on the toxicity of ivermectin in Zebra fish and Calta fish models. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceuticl Research, 4(9), 3683-3688.
Uggini, G.K., Patel, P.V., Balakrishnan, S. (2012). Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of pesticides on chick embryo, a comparative study using two commercial formulation. Environmental Toxicology, 27, 166-174.
Wilson, B.W., Arrieta, D.E., Henderson, J.D. (2005). Monitoring cholinesterase to detect pesticide exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2005, 157(158), 253-256.
Xu, Z., Liu, Y., Wei, P., Feng, K., Niu, J., Shen, G., Xu, Q., Wang, J., Smagghe, G.J., He, L. and Lu, W. (2017). High Gama- aminobutyric acid contents involved in abamectin resistance and predation, an interesting phenomenon in spider mites. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 216.
Yoon, Y.J., Kim, E.S., Hwang, Y.S., Choi, C.Y. (2004). Avermectin: Biochemical and molecular basis of its biosynthesis and regulation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 63(6), 626-634.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Array